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Catalogue [by source]

IMPORTANT NOTES FOR FIRST-TIME READERS

INDEX - S
Salter, Chris
Sapolsky, Robert, Ph.D.
Shapiro, Stanley, MD
Sharrard, W. J. W.
Shneerson, John, MA DM FRCP FCCP
Sloss, G. Sam
Smith, William H.
South Alberta PPSG Newsletter - PP Echoes
Spencer G.T.
Stålberg, Erik, MD
Sumi, Mark, MD
Sweet, K., BSC(Physio)

Salter, Chris

Title: Post-Polio Population Statistics - A Review

Author(s): Chris Salter, Vice-Chairman, Lincolnshire Post-Polio Network.
Original Publication: A Lincolnshire Post-Polio Library Publication. July 2000
Abstract/Extract:

As can be seen, when trying to determine the number cases of PPS in a population we are confronted with a number of problems.

1. No current statistics of persons currently diagnosed as PPS.
2. Estimates of the percentage of cases of prior polio likely to develop PPS vary considerably. Few if any take into account that a historical clinical diagnosis of non-paralytic polio does not preclude a diagnosis of PPS.
3. Although in recent years records of notified and confirmed cases of polio have been maintained by the World Health Authority, records predating the eradication campaign are more difficult to locate and may be unreliable.
4. Estimates of the numbers of cases of prior polio vary considerably and as with PPS estimates, tend to be limited to so called paralytic polio. It is worth noting that a 'mild' polio infection may not even be diagnosed at the time of the infection but may still result in sufficient damage to cause problems in later life.

Sapolsky, Robert, Ph.D.

For articles with Sapolsky, Robert, Ph.D. as co-author or contributor see the following catalogue entries:

Saporito, Lou, BA.

For articles with Saporito, Lou, BA. as co-author or contributor see the following catalogue entries:

Shapiro, Stanley, MD

For articles with Shapiro, Stanley, MD as co-author or contributor see the following catalogue entries:

Sharrard, W. J. W.

W. J. W. Sharrard - Biographical Details

Title: Muscle Recovery in Poliomyelitis

Author(s): W. J. W. Sharrard, London, England
Original Publication: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol 37 B, No. 1, February 1955:63-79.
Abstract/Extract:

1. The results of a three-year study of recovery in 3,033 lower limb muscles and 1,905 upper limb muscles in 142 patients are presented.
2. The rate of recovery of partly paralysed muscles is the same in all muscles and muscle groups in the lower or upper limb. Clinical differences in the ability of individual muscles to recover depend upon the proportions of their number that remain permanently paralysed.
3. The rate of recovery is slowest in adults and most rapid in young children.
4. The amount of further recovery to be expected in a muscle can be predicted from knowledge of its grade at any time after one month from the onset of the paralysis. Fourteen-fifteenths of the total amount of recovery takes place by the beginning of the twelfth month; with rare exceptions individual muscle recovery is complete after twenty-four months.
5. Ninety per cent of muscles that are still completely paralysed after six months remain permanently paralysed.
6. The prognosis of a completely paralysed muscle is related to the level of paralysis in muscles supplied by the same spinal segments.
7. Deterioration in power in a muscle is uncommon and, when it occurs, is associated with the presence of the strong opposing force of antagonist muscles or of gravity.
8. The application of these findings to the management of cases of paralytic acute anterior poliomyelitis is discussed.

Title: The Distribution of the Permanent Paralysis in the Lower Limb in Poliomyelitis A Clinical and Pathological Study

Author(s): W. J. W. Sharrard, London, England
Original Publication: The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol 37 B, No. 4, November 1955:540-558.
Abstract/Extract:

Though a striking feature of the paralysis that may result from an attack of poliomyelitis is its diversity, the belief that some order exists in the apparently irregular distribution of the permanent paralysis has been expressed by several authors. Wickman (1913) stated that "although a great variety of combinations of paralyses are found, certain types appear more often than others; in the leg the peroneal group and certain muscles of the thigh -- in my experience the quadriceps femoris especially -- tend to be implicated." Lovett and Lucas (1908), Lovett (1915, 1917), Jahss (1917), Mitchell (1925) and Legg (1929, 1937) showed tables indicating the relative frequency of paralysis and paresis in the muscles of the lower limb. All show a high incidence of paralysis in tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, the long extensors of the toes and the peronei. A lower incidence of paralysis but a greater combined total of paralyses and pareses is shown in the quadriceps and in the gluteal muscles. No satisfactory explanation has yet been offered to account for these findings

It is the object of this paper to review the distribution of paresis and paralysis in the muscles of the lower limb, to account for its disposition in terms of the destruction of motor nerve cells in the lumbo-sacral spinal cord, and to indicate the practical application of the findings in the management of poliomyelitis.

Shneerson, John, MA DM FRCP FCCP

John Shneerson MA DM FRCP FCCP is Director of the Post-poliomyelitis Unit and the Respiratory Support and Sleep Centre, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK.

Title: Poliomyelitis New Problems From An Old Infection

Author(s): John Shneerson MA DM FRCP FCCP
Original Publication: National Association of Fundholding Practices Official Yearbook 1998
Abstract/Extract: There are currently around 30,000 post-poliomyelitis survivors in the UK, although the last major epidemic was over 40 years ago. Around half of these will develop the post-polio syndrome which is a recently recognised disorder characterised by late onset of weakness in muscles affected during the acute illness. Indirect effects of polio, especially degenerative disorders of the joints and soft tissues also contribute to the increasing disability that these patients are developing. It is essential to accurately analyse the cause of any new symptoms in polio survivors so that specific treatments can be applied, or modifications to their pattern of activities recommended.
Additional Note: The 404 page Yearbook was circulated to 2,500 fundholding practices in the United Kingdom.

Sloss, G. Sam

For articles with Sloss, G. Sam as co-author or contributor see the following catalogue entries:

Smith, William H.

For articles with Smith, William H. as co-author or contributor see the following catalogue entries:

South Alberta PPSG Newsletter - PP Echoes

Title: Tips for Physiotherapists

Also reproduced in Issue No.2 - November 1996of LINK-PIN
Abstract/Extract:

• Most polio survivors are over achievers.
• With the onset of the late effects of Polio, they are having to cope with new feelings and conditions from the renewed pain, muscle fatigue etc.,

Spencer G.T.

For articles with Spencer G.T. as co-author or contributor see the following catalogue entries:

Stålberg, Erik, MD

For articles with Stålberg, Erik, MD as co-author or contributor see the following catalogue entries:

Sumi, Mark, MD

For articles with Sumi, Mark, MD as co-author or contributor see the following catalogue entries:

Sweet, K., BSC(Physio)

For articles with Sweet, K., BSC(Physio) as co-author or contributor see the following catalogue entries:

NOTES

It is the intention of the Lincolnshire Post-Polio Network to make all the information we collect available regardless of our views as to it's content. The inclusion of a document in this library should not therefore be in any way interpreted as an endorsement.

People who had polio and are experiencing new symptoms need to be assessed by medical professionals who are experienced in Post-Polio to determine what is wrong and to give correct advice. We can only make these documents available to you. YOU must then take what you believe to be relevant to the medical professional you are seeing. We are collecting and collating everything we can to enable medical professionals to make informed decisions. Other medical conditions must be looked for first, Post-Polio Syndrome is by diagnosis of exclusion.

"Source" in the context of this catalogue primarily means original author. In a few cases it will be an organisation or conference.

The Lincolnshire Post-Polio Network
Registered Charity No. 1064177
An Information Service for Polio Survivors and Medical Professionals

The Lincolnshire Post-Polio Network takes great care in the transcription of all information that appears at this site. However, we do not accept liability for any damage resulting directly or otherwise from any errors introduced in the transcription. Neither do we accept liability for any damage resulting directly or otherwise from the information available at this site. The opinions expressed in the documents available at this site are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily constitute endorsement or approval by the Lincolnshire Post-Polio Network.

© Copyright The Lincolnshire Post-Polio Network 1997 - 2010.

Document preparation: Chris Salter, Original Think-tank, Cornwall, United Kingdom.
Primary Document Reference: <URL:http://www.ott.zynet.co.uk/polio/lincolnshire/library/cs_s.html>
Secondary Document Reference: <URL:http://www.zynet.co.uk/ott/polio/lincolnshire/library/cs_s.html>
Last modification: 1st February 2010.
Last information content change: 1st July 2000